A relay is nothing more than an electrically operated switch. Here's a scenario... You have a mains-operated outside light at the end of the garden. The problem is that the switch is also at the end of the garden. OK, you can do a couple of things. You can walk across the wet lawn in the dark and fumble for the switch. You can bring mains wiring up the garden to a switch in the house. The latter seems good. But to run mains wiring all the way to the house... Regulations? Safety? Yes, well. There's another way. Use a 12 volt relay to switch the mains on and off to the light. A relay can be used as a sort of remote switch.
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